头足类耳石微化学研究进展

耳石是位于平衡囊内起平衡作用的一对钙化组织,它是头足类的加速度感应器,记录其生命周期内的生物和生态信息。随着鱼类耳石微化学研究及应用的日趋成熟与完善,头足类耳石的相应研究也逐渐兴起。目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面,其中微量元素是应用研究的重点,在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。分析认为,头足类微量元素在与栖息环境尤其水温关系的研究中取得了很好的结果,被认为是测定头足类生活水温的温度计。然而,涉及种群识别、生活史分析以及与盐度和食物关系的研究还不够充分,且多集中于Sr/Ca的研究。因此,建议在今后的研究中要综合多种研究方法按时间和空间序列从日轮水平分析多种微量元素的含量与变化。     

植物抗病的分子基础与研究进展

从分子水平讨论了植物抗病机制及与抗病性紧密相关的信号分子,并简要叙述了有关植物抗病性的研究进展。     

干旱胁迫对4种刺篱植物抗性生理生化指标的影响

以马甲子Paliurus ramosissimus，枳壳Poncims trifoliata，金樱子Rosala evigata，火棘Pyracantha fortuneana等4种刺篱植物为材料，通过盆栽干旱胁迫，以正常浇水处理为对照，研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对4种刺篱植物的生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下，4种刺篱植物叶片的质膜透性上升，其中马甲子增长幅度最小，其次是枳壳、金樱子和火棘；超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性先上升后下降，马甲子和枳壳较金樱子和火棘能维持较高的活性；可溶性糖、脯氨酸质量分数增加，只是变化的幅度和进程不同；马甲子的可溶性糖增幅最大且脯氨酸质量分数峰值出现最晚。经几项生理指标的综合分析，得知马甲子抗旱性最强，火棘较弱，枳壳、金樱子居中。     

杨树造纸材优良无性系筛选

为了筛选适用于造纸的杨树优良无性系,对莒县洛河林场和高密市林业局苗圃的30个杨树品系,使用不同的切片法和Jeffery离析法对木材分子进行分析,研究结果表明:山东引种杨树由于样品间的差异以及所处地区的不同,杨树木材的纤维含量、纤维长度、长宽比、导管含量及材积在不同的立地条件下存在差异;两个地区当中,莒县试验林的杨树木材生长量较高,高密市的较低。木材分子的纤维和导管发育具有协同性,在春季生长旺盛;木材分子中纤维所占的比例极高,为50％-60％;在所用的样品当中,135、窄47号、L323在两地表现较好,而黑林3号、中绥12、抗虫杨表现较差。     

Inhalation of inactivated Mycobacterium phlei down-regulates expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in asthmatic mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of inhalation of inactivated Mycobacte-rium phlei on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. METHODS:Male BALB/c mice (n=24) were randomly divided into normal control group (A), asthmatic model group (B), and inactivated Mycobacterium phlei inhalation group (C). Asthmatic model was made by inhalation of chicken ovalbumin. The mice in group C were treated with inactivated Mycobacterium phlei for 5 d. The lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested. HE and AB-PAS staining were used to measure the lung inflammation and mucus production. The inflammatory cells in the BALF were counted. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS:Mycobacterium phlei treatment alleviated lung inflammation, attenuated mucus production, and reduced the percentage of eosinophils in the BALF. The mRNA levels of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were significantly decreased after treated with Mycobacterium phlei. However, no significant difference of VCAM-1 mRNA expression was found before and after treatment. The correlation between NF-κB mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA, and between NF-κB mRNA and VCAM-1 mRNA was not found. CONCLUSION:Inhalation of inactivated Mycobacterium phlei attenuates asthmatic airway inflammation. NF-κB participates in the pathogenesis of asthma. NF-κB signal pathway may be associated with the therapeutic mechanism. Another important mechanism is the reduction of adhesion molecule expression.     

Boron in plants and animals: Is there a role beyond cell‐wall structure?

The role of boron (B) as a structural element of plant cell walls and its implications for plant growth have been well established. However, increasing evidence suggests one or more functions of boron beyond cell‐wall structure. This evidence arises from studies conducted with a large variety of organisms, such as plants, animals, and bacteria. In animals, embryogenic development seems to depend on adequate boron supply, and cell lines with a knockout of the Na⁺‐coupled boron transporter NaBC1, the mammalian homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana boron transporter AtBor1, stop to develop and proliferate. In bacteria, boron is an essential part of a signal molecule required for quorum sensing. This review aims to summarize some recent advances from plant, animal, and microbiological research related to the functions of boron and to highlight open questions for further research.     

Effects of leptin and adiponectin on the growth of porcine myoblasts are associated with changes in p44/42 MAPK signaling

We hypothesized that both adiponectin and leptin affect the growth of porcine skeletal muscle cells, with fatty acids acting as modifiers in adipokine action and that both adipokines influence the gene expression of their receptors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant adiponectin and leptin on cell number (DNA) and DNA synthesis rate with and without oleic acid supplementation, on cell death, and on key intracellular signaling molecules of proliferating porcine myoblasts in vitro. Moreover, the mRNA expression of genes encoding for the leptin and adiponectin receptors (LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2) as affected by leptin or adiponectin was examined. Recombinant porcine adiponectin (40 μg/mL) and leptin (20 ng/mL) increased DNA synthesis rate, measured as [³H]-thymidine incorporation (P < 0.01), reduced cell viability in terms of lactate dehydrogenase release (P < 0.05), or lowered DNA content after 24 h (P < 0.05). In adiponectin-treated cultures, oleic acid supplementation increased DNA synthesis rate and reduced cell number in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Both adiponectin (P = 0.07) and leptin (P < 0.05) induced a transient activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) after 15 min, followed by decreases after 60 and 180 min (P < 0.05). Adiponectin tended to increase c-fos activation (P = 0.08) and decreased p53 activation at 180 min (P = 0.03). Both adiponectin and leptin down-regulated the abundance of ADIPOR2 mRNA and, transiently, of LEPR mRNA (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adiponectin and leptin may adversely affect the growth of porcine myoblasts, which is related to p44/42 MAPK signaling and associated with changes in ligand receptor gene expression.     

A Novel Halotolerant Bacterium Isolated from El Golea Lake in Algeria and Antimicrobial Potential of this Strain

A halotolerant, gram positive, motile and rod, was isolated from the E1 Gol6a lake of Ghardaia, Alegria and screened for its antimicrobial potential. The strain showed an inhibitory effect to gram positive and gram negative bacteria against Cladosporium spp. and a slight inhibitory effect against C. albicans using chloroform as the extraction solvent and the nutrient broth as production medium. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the isolate named LMB3981 is a new taxon in the family of Bacillaceae （with 96% similarity）. The strain is close to Filobacillus milosensis and Bacillus haloalkaliphilum with 95% similarity. The phenotypic study showed differences between LMB3981 and two strains that are near and have confirmed the results of 16S rRNA sequencing by specific metabolic properties of the strain.     

蜱的功能分子研究及其应用前景

蜱既是常见的吸血外寄生虫 ,又是人和动物许多重要疾病的媒介。为了持续地吸血 ,蜱唾液腺可分泌大量生物活性分子 ,并在抗凝血、抗炎症、免疫抑制等方面发挥重要作用。现已分离鉴定出的蜱抗凝血多肽 (TAP)等新型抗凝血和其他多种具有免疫调节的功能分子。此外 ,抗蜱基因工程疫苗候选抗原分子、酶及酶的抑制剂分子、抗药性相关分子、抗菌多肽和毒素等也在被深入研究。这些功能分子不仅在蜱及蜱传染病防制中显示着重要作用 ,同时也在医药生物制剂开发研制上表现出潜在的重要价值 ,显示着它们多方面广阔的应用前景     

分子插件法及其在农药分子设计中的应用

新农药创制是一项艰难复杂的系统性工程,而新农药分子的设计是该工程的源头,也是最重要的一环。文章对传统的农药分子设计方法进行了简单的归纳总结,并在课题组多年新农药创制实践的基础上提出了一种新的设计方法——分子插件法,并以吡啶二芳酮和芳氧吡啶乙酮为例,介绍了分子插件的设计及其在新农药创制中的应用。该方法的优点在于可将功能基团模块化,便于快速衍生和筛选,从而大大缩短农药的创制周期,满足对速度竞争的要求。